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Albedo
Investigate the affect of albedo on temperature
You will need:
- 2 ice cream tubs or similar, one painted black inside
- 2 thermometers
- thick polystyrene to encase the tubs, if possible
- cling film
- one large lamp or two identical small ones to shine on the containers - if possible, use lamps that emits very little Infra-Red radiation e.g. a low energy lightbulb.
Albedo - The albedo is a measure of the proportion of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by a surface. The rest is absorbed and then reradiated, usually at a different wavelength depending on the temperature of the surface.
What to do
Encase the sides and base of the ice cream tubs in polystyrene. Place a thermometer in each tub and cover in cling film (to prevent convection). Shine a lamp on each tub and see what happens to the temperature.
You should see the temperature in the black tub rise faster than in the white tub. The black tub will absorb the visible light and remit it as IR, warming the air inside it. The white tub on the other hand will mainly reflect the visible light from the lamp.
Beware, if you do this experiment with a 'normal', high energy lightbulb that emits IR, you may find that the air in the white tub gets warmer, as IR radiation is reflected into the air in the tub.
As the albedo of the Earth changes due to changing climate (e.g. ice melting, changes in the amount of level of cloud cover) this will have a positive or negative feedback on the temperature of the atmosphere. Typical values of the albedo are 0.15-0.8 for clouds, depending on thickness and height, 0.8-0.9 for snow and ice, 0.35 for desert, 0.1-0.2 for forests and cities, 0.05-0.5 for water.
Find out more:
The image on the below shows the reflectivity of different surfaces on the earth. 
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ipy07/sci/ess/watcyc/albedo/index.html
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Clouds/